July 23, 2019


Key to the Highway   KSCU 103.3FM 
2019-07-24    2-5PM          
Luther Allison
Cannonball Adderley
The Four Blazes
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I tell ya, this University atmosphere is having an effect on me.  I seem to think I’ll be able to defy the basic tenets of Quantum Physics by stretching the boundaries of time itself.  As I was several months ago assembling this playlist, which will be my first new show at KSCU, I was also considering it as a podcast with extended time beyond the normal three hours.  Podcasting is still in the back of my mind, although grabbing onto new technology is not my strongest point.  I think I have the software sufficient for the task and I purchased a headset for the voice recording, but learning how to put it all together is, for some reason, not a top priority.  However, the summer situation here at KSCU might allow the extra air time.  There is no one scheduled after 1PM so I might stop in early for an extra hour or so (might being the operative word) and, if nobody shows up at 5PM as occurred last show, there might be time to stick around for maybe another half hour.  I just might be exhausted after that (d’ya think?), but today’s show features a couple of favorite artists worthy of the extended airplay.
The Jakester, head of KSCU’s Blues Department and a great help in my acceptance at the station, gave me these suggestions for online listening: For listening to KSCU on a computer, you need to use iTunes or WinAmp for the media player.
To listen to KSCU on a smafon use either the NextRadio or TuneIn apps.
The studio phone number is (408) 554-KSCU or, for the digitally inclined 554-5728 but, as always, make sure no one is speaking on the air before you dial.
All my writings going back to 2014 are still available at key2highway.blogspot.  I do have an emailing list and, for those of you who are not yet on it, I would be happy to add you to it if you email me at coyledon@yahoo.com (my computer’s autocorrect adds a letter t, so if that shows up here please remove it before trying to contact me; apparently, cotyledon is some kind of botanical term).
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On last show’s posting, I mentioned the passing of Blues DJ par excellence Curtis Jay and it evoked responses from a few friends telling fond memories, but a while back I had to divide my email list in two because it was too large so they reached only half of you.  I would like to post them here for everyone to see and, hopefully, add your own new ones to the mix.  I’ll likely send a separate email for these rather than including them on the show emails.
From Jim Dandy and his son Dan, DJ Toast, both at KKUP:
Two fine times come to mind...
The three of us (CJ, Don and Me) going to an afternoon Giant Game at the Stick against the Cincinnati Reds. We sure enjoyed that day and talk for years about doing it again but never got around to it. Wish we had.
CJ and I drove to Seattle via camping on Mount Rainier for The  Bumper-shoot Music Festival. Such a great time and we camped near Seattle at place recommended by Mike Meyers who joined us from Eugene. Also my son Dan (DJ Toast) flew up and joined us.
There was a memorable performance by Luther Alison who put out so much that he could not do an encore. I think he passed a few months later unfortunately. Coming back, we drove into the night and remember throwing our sleeping bags on the grass at a nice Oregon park. Yes, at about 0530, the sprinklers came on and we made a mad dash to the car and got the hell out of Oregon making good time that day. 
He was a great guy to travel with and sure remember some of his blues interviews. One in particular was at KFJC and Jimmy McCracklin of the old Blues Blasters and how Jimmy boxed against Archie Moore back in the day.
Ron was a great guy...
And Dan added,
I was remembering the Bumbershoot trip too, camping with my Dad and CJ. Was so enjoyable. Camping then hitting the music. Sitting around the fire. Relaxing after a day of music. Mapping out what we wanted to see. Good memories!
Thanks guys.  Ron Butler was CJ’s real name and, with all the radio people having air names, I still have always called them by their real names except for Curtis; that was how he introduced himself to me and somehow nothing else ever seemed appropriate, just Curtis Jay or CJ the DJ.  I sure remember that day at Candlestick even though it was way back in the early 90s.  Aside from a couple of trips with Johnnie Cozmik to see my Reds play his A’s, I don’t believe I have done anything non-music related with any of my radio cohorts.
Obviously, we’re on the same thought wave, Jim; Jimmy McCracklin is on my short list of ready to go shows likely to air over summer and I’ll be speaking more of Luther Allison today as well as playing much of a concert from the fourth of July just before his passing.
And from George Byrd, also at KKUP:
Ron and his girlfriend lived a couple blocks from me in Menlo Park for a few years in the early 2000s. She was a ham radio operator, and an 
engineer by profession. I chatted with them both around the neighborhood many times during those years.
They knew I was a ham operator in the 1950s, so as a joke one day they gave me an exquisite little Japanese FM band to American FM band frequency converter.  I still have it. I'll always treasure their joke gift because it reminds me of Ron's offbeat sense of humor.
Ron's girlfriend died young, of cancer I think. He left Menlo Park and moved back to Los Altos.
I last saw Ron a few years ago at the Koll Circle studio early one Sunday morning. He had just done an overnight shift. He had a helper who 
drove his car for him and helped him get around. He still had his sense of humor.
Gotta agree with ya about his sense of humor, George.  It was common knowledge that Blinky had been a longtime friend of mine when I got him to host KKUP’s 1993 Blues marathon live performance in his bar.  Some time later, maybe a coupla years, a Blinky’s tee shirt appeared in my mail slot with a note attached saying, “Thanks for the support.   Blinky”.  I knew it wasn’t real because he would have signed his true name, Dick.  Apparently, CJ had seen the shirt at a yard sale or something and figured he could prank me.  It did have me wondering for quite a while, though, what scallywag had done it!
When I heard about CJ’s passing, I tried to set up a going away party at the Fourth Street Bowl, a place most of CJ’s friends would know, but was warned there would be a parking problem since bowling season was in full swing and could not in good conscience ask folks to come from all parts of the area and not be able to find parking.  That was in April, I believe, and I had a particularly full list of things to do in May (including getting on here at KSCU) so I could not follow it further.  Perhaps this will reignite the momentum and someone will suggest an appropriate venue and get it all back on track, appropriate being somewhat close to KKUP because if one could travel there for a show it wouldn’t be too distant for such a tribute among friends.  CJ must have set some indelible and timeless memories sufficient for this to still work.  Please reply back with suggestions and memories.
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Okay, now it is time to get down to the business at hand.  For the longest time, since the late 60s, I have said that the triumvirate of my favorites was Freddie King, Howlin’ Wolf and Magic Sam and it took almost a half century before realizing I had another name to add, Luther Allison, and I believe he jumped right to the top of the list.
Indeed, it was when I was just getting into Magic Sam that Delmark put out an LP, Sweet Home Chicago, featuring four tracks by Magic Sam and his sax player Eddie Shaw, that I was first exposed to Luther from his included two songs.  But before I get engrossed in his albums, a biography would seem appropriate.  I am always fearful of writing bios of artists I admire so much because my personal expectations are so high that it must be the unattainable perfect, but here we go.  Luther was born in Arkansas in 1939, one of at least twelve children.  His earliest string instrument was a diddley bow where a wire, usually taken from a screen door, was nailed to the wall, then plucked as the pitch was changed by running a bottle up and down the string.
The Allison clan had been a farming family until they moved to Chicago 1951, and Luther was singing with the family’s Gospel group, The Southern Travelers, well before picking up the guitar in his teens.  One of Luther’s schoolmates was Muddy Waters’ son and meeting the man must have had an effect on the young Allison.  Luther’s brother Ollie had a Blues band, the Rolling Stones, who played the West Side from 1954 to 1957.  “By the time I got home from school they were into their practice.  It sounded good to me.  One day, I said, ‘Hey, please show me how to play boogie woogie on the guitar.’  He said, ‘Sit down on my lap and let’s go.’  Two years later, I said, ‘Hey, this is what I want to do.’” 
After a preacher taught Luther how to do shoe repair, learning the cost of setting up in that business brought about his decision to go fulltime into music, starting out on bass in his friend Jimmy Dawkins’ group.  By 1957, Luther had his own band going, playing a year at the Bungalow on Chicago’s West 15th Street, then on to Argo, Illinois where he first met Freddie King.
“Freddie King, Magic Sam, Hubert Sumlin and I used to hang out at backyard barbecues together on the West Side.  We’d get out our guitars and play together.  We’d show each other little riffs and grooves, so we could all play together at the same time and not get in each other’s way.”
A 1958 studio session was found by Luther’s son Bernard stashed away in his mother’s belongings and posthumously released in 2007 under the title Underground.  Luther was playing in bass player Bobby Rush’s band at the time (Robert Plunkett on drums, Bobby King playing rhythm guitar and a guy named Mule provided much of the bass while Rush was occupied in the producer’s role) and Rush had accrued some recording time and shared it with the 18 year old Allison.
As Bernard says, “I look at this as discovering something like Robert Johnson’s lost songs. I think a lot of Luther’s fans are going to be so amazed at what he was playing at 18.”
Rush, himself only 25 at the time, recalled almost a half century later, “He was playing in my band.  I think it was probably the first band he’d ever played in.  We got together and went down to Wonderful Records and just started fooling around with some songs . . . We’re just going in there to do what we would do on the bandstand at night. . . At that time, you just turned on the tape.  If it was wrong, you didn’t stop the tape. . . We cut the thing in one take because we didn’t have the money to do things better.”
Bernard, again: “You definitely know its Luther when you hear this.  I hear a lot of where he was headed.  Once I got to Europe and got into the band, I always told him to go back and listen because what he was playing at 18 was amazing.  Musically, his guitar playing didn’t change much.  Over the years, it improved in that it’s more consistent and he worked on his tone, but I hear where he was going.”
Four of the eight tracks on the disc were staples of what you’d hear in any typical barroom at the time and a fifth was Hide Away, two years before Freddie King would release the instrumental which has become a Blues band anthem ever since.  This tells us Freddie must have been performing it around Chicago before getting the opportunity to take it into the studio.
Once Freddie’s popularity made him road-ready, Luther took over King’s band of T.J. McNulty and Big Mojo Elem and their long-standing gig at Walton’s Corner where they stayed for five years before the Blues clubs around Chicago began closing; then Luther moved to Peoria in 1967, playing Birdland in front of a Soul-based organ trio.
On March 8th 1967, Bill Lindemann recorded four tracks of the Allison / Elem / McNulty trio with additional guitar work provided by Freddie Roulette (later to become a fixture in the East Bay), Allison and Elem each singing a pair of tunes.  Lindemann had previously taped four numbers with Magic Sam (two with saxophonist supreme Eddie Shaw) and later added two tracks by guitarist / singer / harmonica man Louis Myers along with one more by Leo Evans (listed on the LP cover as Lucky Lopez) and the Jazz Prophets.  When the label Lindemann had hoped to start never came to fruition, he provided the masters to Bob Koester’s fledgling Delmark Records, who already had Magic Sam under contract, and the eleven tracks were released in 1968 as the LP Sweet Home Chicago.
After hearing Lindemann’s masters, Koester went to see the band at the Alex and immediately made the decision to add Luther to their growing roster, but before a deal could be made Allison moved to Los Angeles and was doing studio work for the short lived World Pacific’s Blues subsidiary.  While on the West Coast, Luther got opportunities to play with Blues artists like Sunnyland Slim, Johnny Shines, Big Walter Horton and Big Mama Thornton and meet Blues rockers Carlos Santana, Mick Taylor and Johnny Winter. 
Delmark was strapped for cash as it was just beginning to grow and become established and the cost of recording in L.A. was prohibitive so it wasn’t until Allison eventually returned to the Midwest, playing around Madison, Wisconsin, that he signed with the label, bringing out the first album of his own, Love Me Mama in 1969.  The album was the best seller Delmark had by any artist without the help of a previous R&B single.  Luther was making quite a name for himself in the Chicago vicinity and the college circuit, including a widely acclaimed headlining appearance at the 1969 Ann Arbor Blues Festival, his first of three times in a row at the annual event, so I find it surprising that there was not a follow-up album.
Luther then made the unlikely move to Motown’s Gordy branch, indeed one of the few Blues artists ever to sign on with the powerhouse Detroit Soul label, and between 1972 and 1976 they put out three albums.  The first two, 1972’s Bad News Is Coming and Luther’s Blues from 1974, solidified my opinion that this was a man I wanted to follow further.  I must have heard the third LP, Night Life, because I opted not to purchase the disappointing 1976 release.  Something about the raw timbre of his voice caught my attention and it only mellowed with age without compromise.
“I was very happy with the Motown trip.  But let’s face it: Motown didn’t know what they had.  The Blues weren’t in.  I think it was a miracle for them to choose me.  When they moved from Detroit to Los Angeles, I just got lost in the shuffle.”  My opinion is that no one looking for Blues would look for a Motown artist and vice versa.  But for whatever reason, Luther did not reach the status he deserved and by 1980 he had moved to Europe, eventually settling in Paris in 1983, and was only heard stateside on some of his dozen European albums.
Luther made his first European appearance at the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival.  The reason he was so well accepted can be heard on Ruf’s CD Live in Montreux – Where Have You Been (1976-1994), which features the introduction and four tracks, over 34 minutes of live Luther.
He impressed enough that the next year the Black and Blue label sponsored a full European tour, culminating in a December 13th 1977 session producing Luther’s first European LP, Love Me Papa, the CD version released on Evidence.  He adds harmonica to his musical arsenal on one song, Blues with a Feeling.  The original liner notes quote manager Didier Tricard: “Luther is a musician who gives the best of himself in every concert.  Once you have seen him exhausted in his dressing room after a concert, you realize that he could not possibly lie to his public; he lives the Blues intensely, almost to the point of tearing himself apart, completely losing track of time.”
 “I played the same stuff in France as I did in Chicago, but it was much more accepted there.  I got to play in bigger places, and I’ve been on the most popular television stations in Germany, France and Switzerland.  That’s the kind of real good play a Blues player doesn’t get in the States.”  At one point, before relocating to Paris, Luther made an appearance on the French national television’s rock show, Chorus.  A 1979 pair of LPs, Live in Paris and Live (Part 2), appear to be combined on one CD, Live in Paris on Ruf Records, Luther’s primary European distributor.
Either before he left or possibly on a return trip to the States, Luther recorded a couple of LPs for Peoria’s Rumble label, Gonna Be a Live One in Here Tonight and Power Wire Blues (Part 2), only the latter of which I have in my collection as Sweet Home Chicago, part of Charly’s Blues Masterworks series.  My CD says it was recorded in Chicago in 1976 but Luther’s web site lists the Rumble albums as 1979, likely the release date.
I should mention here that almost all of my discs were purchased in the 90s and may be hard to find, and there are a half dozen albums from the 1980s which I don’t have, all but one likely because they are no longer available: Time (1980); Life is a Bitch (1984) which is available on Blind Pig as Serious; Here I Come (1985); and three on Ruf, Rich Man (1987) and both Let’s Try it Again and More from Berlin (1989). 
Also in my collection is the 1992 acoustic album Hand Me Down My Moonshine, which I’ll have to check again because my first instinct was that a non-electric Luther was not something I was interested in, although I still bought the disc.  Luther also made a cameo appearance on Otis Rush & Friends, Live at Montreux 1986, where he joins Otis and his band with Eric Clapton, who had stepped on stage three songs earlier, for a nine minute version of Every Day I Have the Blues.  This is my favorite release by Otis so check out the whole thing.
So, when I first got involved doing radio in 1988 I often asked my colleagues if they knew what was going on with Luther Allison and, invariably, I would hear the response, “Who?”  All that changed when Luther signed with Alligator records and came out with his first recording done in the U.S. in almost two decades, culminating in the 1994 release of Soul Fixin’ Man, released in Europe on Ruf (as would be all the Alligator CDs) as Bad Love.  Guitar Player’s review of the album was, "Fever and chills performances, ferocious solos combine the wisdom of a master storyteller with the elegance of B.B. King, the elasticity of Buddy Guy, and the big sting of Albert King."  Luther himself said, “This is the album that I always wanted to make. . .  I hope it will open up the eyes and ears of people who know my music but may not have heard me in a while. . .  I want people to know that I’m the same Luther Allison that I was when I left for Paris – only better.  I have the same musical menu: I’m just looking for some more people who will let me cook up my Blues and serve it to them”
Luther played in front of 150,000 people at the 1995 Chicago Blues Festival as well as for those listening to the National Public Radio broadcast.  That was the year Alligator released their follow-up Blue Streak album, and regarding their third Allison release (1997’s Reckless) Guitar World said, "Reckless in the best sense of the word, dancing on a razor's edge, remaining just this side of out-of-control. Hard-driving, piercing West Side Chicago single-note leads with a soul base and a rock edge."  Luther played both standard and bottleneck guitar and his musical choices were not only straight ahead Blues but also from Soul and Gospel roots.  The three studio albums for Alligator won him a dozen highly coveted W.C. Handy Awards, including for Blues Musician of the Year in 1997 and again posthumously in 1998.
In 1999, some time after Luther’s passing, Alligator gathered together three concerts from the time he was with the label and came out with the double CD Live in Chicago.  All but one track of disc one came from that June 3rd 1995 Chicago Blues Festival, including the festival’s closing number where Allison returned to the stage to join his old friend Otis Rush for a ten minute medley of Gambler’s Blues and Sweet Little Angel.  Also included were forty-some minutes from a November 4th 1995 session at Buddy Guy’s Legends club and a May 7th 1997 date at the Zoo Bar in Lincoln for the Nebraska ETV Network, represented by about 27 minutes.
I actually saw a concert from the Zoo Bar, enjoyed it tremendously, and figure this is likely that show although I kinda thought what I saw was earlier.  There is also a seven CD and four DVD limited edition box set that sounds very interesting except for the fact that I already have the three Alligator studio CDs plus Hand Me Down My Moonshine and all but three numbers on their full Live in Montreux 1976 disc; the two CDs I don’t have are Let’s Try it Again and Life is a Bitch (Serious).  What entices me are the four DVDs, two from Germany (1987 & 1991, Live from East Berlin & Ohne Filter), and two 1997 concerts, one from the Indian Ocean (Live in Paradise) and supposedly one from the Zoo Bar (Memories), although the playlist doesn’t match the Alligator CD at all.  The Paradise CD is the only one I could find currently available online for about $50 new or $35 used.
So, at about $160 the collection A Legend Never Dies: Essential Recordings 1976-1997 is way too pricey for me, and anyone willing to spend that much on Luther probably also has a lot of it already, but one CD/DVD combo I can recommend is Songs from the Road, ten CD tracks and two other songs included among the eight DVD tracks.  Judge for yourself by our second Luther set.  Recorded on the 4th of July 1997 in Montreal, six days before receiving a diagnosis of inoperable lung cancer that ended his playing days and would ultimately take his life a month later in August, it is both a visual and aural presentation of why Luther is my absolute favorite artist.  I see the pair now for about $16 new or under $10 used.
I remember early in his time with Alligator Luther played the San Francisco Blues Festival and, although I usually went at least one of the two days, I was frustrated that for some reason I could not get there, but I did finally get to see him at Moe’s Alley in Santa Cruz in 1997, certainly my last chance.  I was unaware that Luther was noted for his long shows and indeed, this time, instead of the 45 minutes onstage / 15 off over four hours I think of as normal, it was two one and a half hour sets with maybe twenty to thirty minutes in between.  Moe’s had a back patio with picnic tables and Mr. Allison filled most of his down time kinda holding court, telling tales to a rapt group of fans (myself included), not only a genuine master musician but an interesting story teller so generous with his time for those who wished to listen.  Truly a gentleman whom I am so grateful to have heard on and off stage and I can only wish he had more time in the 80s to make himself better known in North America.  I’m not much for getting autographs but my girlfriend at the time had the good sense to grab a local newspaper with a short article and photo of Luther that she had him autograph for me.  Even though I’m not sure exactly where it’s stashed away, it is something I cherish.
I did see Luther’s son, Bernard Allison, at the San Jose State Fountain Blues Festival in 2003 and he put on an exciting show, still true to the Blues of his father but a little more Rock influenced as should be expected from the next generation.  If memory serves me correctly, he even had the keyboard player, Mike Vlahakis, I had seen behind Luther.  I think Luther used his old friend, guitarist James Solberg’s band on most if not all of his American tours and recording sessions.  I got to speak to Bernard briefly backstage and he was a nice man, although he probably gets tired of people wanting to talk about his dad.  Anyway, I guess the best way to sign off on this essay, since it was quoted in a few of the liner notes, would be with Luther’s motto: “Leave your ego, play the music, love the people.”  So, as they say in Luther’s chosen European home, fait accompli.  Although a bit lengthy, this is an essay I can be proud of!
About the music: What I will be presenting to you today is kinda the extremes for the Luther Allison timeline with selections from the first two Motown albums (I actually had them before the prior Delmark release) to the Songs from the Road concert, his final recording.  If I do get the opportunity for some bonus time, sandwiched in between two Cannonball sets will be three outtakes from the Bad News is Coming CD followed by two more included on the Luther’s Blues disc.  That’s almost four hours of music today, not counting the time I bore you with my chatter!
Source material for this essay was almost entirely taken from my many CD liner notes.
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That Luther write-up took most of my available time so there is insufficient time to do justice to alto saxophone player Julian “Cannonball” Adderley today, but I have plenty of good music of his to come back another day.  I became familiar with Adderley through Paul Butterfield’s version of his Work Song, so that is our opening number from his 1960 album Them Dirty Blues presented in this first set.  If I get the opportunity to put in more than three hours, we then move backwards to his 1955 release Presenting Cannonball Adderley and, time permitting, we wind everything up with some stuff from 1955’s Julian “Cannonball” Adderley.  These were the first two albums by Adderley as a band leader and all are taken from the first two (of three) four CD boxes titled The Complete Albums Collection
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Every time I play something from the CD box set ABC of the Blues I feel compelled to encourage you to buy it.  With 52 CDs and twenty tracks on each one, it is a bargain at around $60.  All but a handful have two artists per disc and, sure, there are a number of them that duplicate what I already have in my library (actually, I feel that speaks well for their similarity of taste), but the variety of the rest range from what I call the front porch singers (just a guy and his guitar) to early R&B, to some of the bedrock Bluesmen of the 50s and into early stuff by the 60s rockin’ Blues guys I love so much.  For the price you shouldn’t pass it up if you are serious about the Blues.  Definitely, at least check it out!
So, obviously the ten tracks by the Four Blazes came from that set, an excellent example of what I otherwise would never have heard.  Drummer Paul Lindsley “Jelly” Holt assembled the group in 1940.  Holt had been a member of the Five Rhythm Rocketeers who joined Earl “Fatha” Hines for a European tour in 1939, but upon returning that group broke apart and a new Chicago ensemble was formed with guitarists Jimmy Bennett and William “Shorty” Hill and bassist Prentice Butler.  Floyd McDaniel replaced Bennett in 1941 and his electric guitar gave the band a new sound. They added pianist Ernie Harper in 1945, then signed up with Aristocrat Records in 1947 as the Five Blazes, becoming the second act signed by the label which would soon become Chess Records.
Harper left to go solo in 1948 and, when Butler died in 1951, Tommy Braden took over bass duties and became the lead vocalist.  The band moved to United Records in 1952 and often employed saxophonist Eddie Chamblee in the studio.  They hit #1 on the R&B charts in August with Mary Jo, their first single for the label, and follow-ups Please Send Her Back to Me and Perfect Woman also made it into the top ten.  Since two of these are included in today’s set, I presume this is the ensemble we hear throughout.
Braden left to try going solo in 1954, then returned for the studio sessions, but the Blazes’ last session was in 1955.  Holt put together another group, the Four Whims, and McDaniel was with the Ink Spots for a few years before he also went solo.
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Little Red Rooster
Evil is Going On
Raggedy and Dirty
Bad News is Coming
Cut You a-Loose
Dust My Broom
Luther’s Blues
Someday Pretty Baby
Driving Wheel
Into My Life
Now You Got It
   Luther Allison   50mins
Work Song
Jeanine
Them Dirty Blues
Dat Dere
Del Sasser
   Cannonball Adderly   29mins
Stop Boogie Woogie
Snag the Britches
Raggedy Ride
Perfect Woman
Night Train
Never Start Living
Women Women
Drunken Blues
My Hat’s on the Side of My Head
Mary Jo
   The Four Blazes   26mins
Cancel My Check
What Have I Done Wrong
Living in the House of the Blues
That Ain’t the Way Things Supposed to Be
You Can, You Can
Take My Love (I Want to Give It All to You)
It Hurts Me Too
Serious
Low Down and Dirty
   Luther Allison   53mins
Bonus material:
A Little Taste
Caribbean Cutie
Flamingo
   Cannonball Adderly   19mins
The Stumble
Sweet Home Chicago
It’s Been a Long Time
San Ho-Zay
Bloomington Closing
   Luther Allison   28mins
Cannonball
Willows
The Song is You
Fallen Feathers
Hurricane Connie
   Cannonball Adderly   21mins

July 9, 2019


Key to the Highway   NOW on KSCU 103.3 
2019-07-10  2-5pm                      
Okay, it is time to get back to sharing my music with you.  Starting Wednesday, July 10th, I will be airing on the same schedule as in the past (2-5PM the 2nd and 4th Wednesdays of each month) at 103.3fm KSCU (Santa Clara University).  Not for lack of trying (a couple of apps just took me around in circles), I have not found out how to listen on line, so if anyone can assist me with that it would be much appreciated.  Because it is a learning establishment, its priority is and should be in providing opportunities to its students, I am not assured that the time slot will be open past September but I am hoping for a more permanent position at that point.
For KSCU listeners new to my show, I should mention it is generally an up tempo Blues and Rhythm ride usually featuring in depth listens to three artists with two sets each.  My strongest love is for the guitar-based Blues of the 60s such as Freddie King, Magic Sam, Luther Allison, etc. – mostly dead now except for Buddy Guy – and each show will surely have a representative from this category.  Another of the artists should be a horn-based music, be it R&B Jump style, 60s Soul, often some Jazz, and the third act will be something I feel complements the other two, oftentimes a piano-led ensemble or sometimes even solo session.
It should run the gamut as far as time lines go, and today’s show is a good example of that with recordings from the 20s all the way into the 90s; rarely do I get more contemporary than that.  There are occasions that cause me to divert from the norms, such as my annual Louisiana show celebrating Mardi Gras, but everything I play for you is, in my broadminded opinion, derivative of the Blues.  As I often say, Chuck Berry didn’t say, “Roll Over Beethoven, dig this Rock and Roll”.
Today’s show is a repeat of a 2017 show because, while I have a few playlists ready, I do not have the accompanying blogs ready.  Until I get in a writing mood again (I’ve been watching too much baseball lately!), I may fall back on the archives (going back to 2014 and all still available at key2highway.blogspot) but there will surely be at least one new show each month.
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One thing I am sorry for not having a microphone these past five months is losing the opportunity to speak of the passing of one of my friends and a true friend to the entire Bay Area Blues Community and beyond, Curtis Jay.  When I first got my time slot at KKUP in 1990, CJ the DJ was on staff there and at KFJC, the Foothill College station.  Countless times, I can recall him stopping by to visit early in my tenure and he would point me toward all kinds of interesting CDs in our library.  Indeed, I considered him the most knowledgeable about the many facets of the Blues of anyone I knew with the possible exception of my mentor back in the 60s; so many good memories of CJ’s friendship and generosity!
Unfortunately, the last couple of times I saw him were not comforting.  He suffered, as I do, from diabetes and watching him move looked like he was walking on razor blades, but that is not how I will remember him.
I am ashamed to say that I did not go out of my way much at all to keep in touch with him, but I know he enjoyed reading my essays.  Rest in Peace, dear friend.
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And now, here is the original write-up for the music you will be hearing today.     enjoy

Key to the Highway     
2017-09-13     2-5pm                      
Roy Milton and his Solid Senders   
Cannon’s Jug Stompers   
Luther “Guitar Jr.” Johnson                                    
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It was a time of transition.  Europe was becoming entangled in a way no one had wanted after the Great War, and the American government was not about to commit to the fighting, but the more it went on the more its citizen businesses were turning a profit from providing their old allies with whatever they required, particularly if it gave them a military advantage.  The northern migration from the Deep South had already begun as an urban black culture was developing in the cities along the Mississippi, more than just stopping points on the way to Chicago or the Northeast.  Now that the production for military navies was escalated, port cities on both coasts were bustling with new workers for the increased load put upon the shipyards and the dockworkers. West Coast ports like Los Angeles depended primarily on immigration from points west of the Mississippi, particularly Texas and largely black.  And wherever there was a black populace with spending money there would be entertainment.
Once the war got going, particularly after the U.S. entered, rationing took effect on all parts of society, and the sacrifices made by the black music artists had domino effects.  Highly important was the limiting of gasoline and rubber for tires, which impacted the “travelability” of the Big Bands.  No longer could they carry a twenty-piece orchestra to many of the destinations.  As Johnny Otis discussed with Charley Lange, the Santa Cruz DJ who wrote the liner notes for the first issue of Roy Milton’s Specialty re-releases beginning in 1989, “By 1950, we had established what was a hybrid form that had come into its own.  Roy Milton, Joe Liggins and I have often discussed this.  Now, all of us came out of a big band environment and we all aspired to the big band sound.  I had a big band, Roy played with Ernie Fields’ band and so on.  When the big bands died and we found we couldn’t function in that context anymore, in the mid to late forties …when we had to break our bands down … when we played a Blues type thing with three horns, it had a different character … See, Roy Milton is a Blues singer and when he got his band together to play a little gig, he didn’t use two guitars, bass and drums; he used three horns, piano, bass and drums..  The horns were important to him because he had come out of the big band Swing era … he was used to that sound … See, that was one thing that made rhythm and blues different from the old fashioned Blues.  That is the main element.  The singer is singing and instead of just guitars twanging, the horns played whole notes, rolling those riffs near the end of the choruses, you know, whole notes with melodies attached to them.”
Roy was born in 1907 in Wynnewood, Oklahoma and, since his maternal grandmother was a full-blooded Chickasaw Indian, he spent the first few years of his life on the reservation before moving to Tulsa.
In the late twenties, Roy joined on with Fields’ orchestra as a featured singer, but in the early thirties when drummer Eddie Nicholson was arrested Milton wound up completing that evening and the rest of the tour behind the drums.  As he stated in the 70s, “I’ve been singing while playing the drums ever since.”
Shortly after leaving the Fields band in 1933, Roy settled in L.A. and began playing in local groups before forming his own Solid Senders.  The original group included bassist Dave Robinson, trumpeter Hosea Sapp and tenor sax man Buddy Floyd, but the dominant lead instrument was most often provided by pianist Camille Howard.  As the band progressed, Camille achieved a recording career of her own but always utilized members of the Solid Senders for her accompaniment.  They were one of the most popular acts around L.A. and even supported singer June Richmond in three soundies in 1945. 
On December 22nd 1945, after one unsuccessful release for Lionel Hampton’s Hamp-Tone label, they got into the studio for the independent Juke Box label, soon to change its name to Specialty Records.  Art Rupe was in charge of the effort:  “I was looking for the same sound (as Lucky Millinder’s big band) with a smaller group.  I couldn’t afford eighteen pieces so I wound up with two small acts … one was the Sepia-Tones and the other was Roy Milton’s combo.  He succeeded in getting a sound which was as good, and even better than Lucky Millinder’s.  It was an uncomplicated sound, and yet it had the full harmonic range.  Roy had two sounds, like other black bands. During regular hours when he gigged in a white club, he played white music, Tin Pan Alley songs. Then, after hours he went down to Watts and played for black people.  That’s the Roy Milton that I recorded, black, urban music rooted in blues, gospel and boogie.”
The four tracks from that first session were released on two records that held spots on the Billboard Most Played Juke Box Race Charts for almost six months in 1946, and are the first four tracks on today’s show.  R.M. Blues climbed to #2 on Billboard’s R&B chart and #20 on their pop listing.  On the basis of these releases, the Solid Senders were chosen the #3 race band in the country for 1946.  They had a total of 19 Top Ten hits in their ten years with Specialty, including Hop, Skip and Jump at #3 in 1948, Information Blues at #2 in 1950 and Best Wishes also reaching #2 in 1951.  In addition to being an integral part of the Solid Senders success, Camille had two R&B Top Ten hits herself – 1948’s X-Temporaneous Boogie reached #7 (its flipside You Don’t Love Me hit #12) and Money Blues made the list in 1951.  Camille moved to Federal in 1953, where she had three releases that failed to meet her norm with Specialty of 20,000 to 50,000 sales, and she had one more attempt in 1956 for Vee Jay.  She would later give up her music in devotion to her church.
Roy’s band remained successful throughout Camille’s tenure, but they too left Specialty in 1955 for Dootone Records, then on to establish the Roy Milton Record Company, but it didn’t take long for Milton to discover the difficulties of collecting monies due, etc.  By now, Rock ‘n’ Roll was going strong and the old pros who had laid its foundation were struggling to stay relevant.
Roy’s career took an uptick in 1970 when he appeared as a member of the Johnny Otis Revue at the 1970 Monterey Jazz Festival, which produced one of my favorite live albums.  Glimpses of the performance can be seen in the Clint Eastwood movie Play Misty for Me.  A couple of albums followed, one on the Kent label and one for the French Black and Blue label.  Roy fell ill in 1982 and was restricted to home, where he died September 18th 1983 at the age of 76.
After opening up the show with the tunes from their first Specialty date, the rest of the set comes from 1947.  I jumped to 1951 and 1952 for their second set because guitarist Johnny “Junior” Rogers was fully ensconsed in the band by then and I wanted to hear why Charley Lange compared him to Howlin’ Wolf’s early guitarist, Willie Johnson; I did not hear that, but there will always be another show.  By 1994 Specialty had put out three volumes of the Solid Senders plus a fourth of Camille’s releases and those are the source of today’s show.
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A lot of times, I tend to think of this show as a little bit of an education, not only for my listeners but often for myself, so kindly allow me to climb up on my soapbox for a while.  The history of the Blues goes farther back than can be determined, but as far as its presentation to any kind of mass audience it was likely W.C. Handy’s 1912 publication of his Memphis Blues manuscript.  The first commercially recorded Blues tune was in 1921, Crazy Blues by Mamie Smith, and it had much in common with the type of Blues that was put out over the next five years in that it was a lady singer backed by Jazz musicians (they were coming into fashion around the same time), oftentimes with only a pianist behind them.   These are usually referred to as the Classic Blues.  Around 1927, the record companies opened up to what I like to call the front porch Blues singers, folks like Blind Lemon Jefferson.  Today, we’ll hear from another early entrant on the Black Americana scene, but just because it’s old doesn’t mean it’s not good, fun music.
 “My daddy was in slavery time, John Cannon  . . . got his name from the man who owned him.  He used to tell us that back in them days they put the big ole colored man with the good looking women to raise children.”  Gus Cannon was born September 12th 1883 in Red Banks, Mississippi, the tenth son of John and Ellie Cannon.  The liner notes for Yazoo’s CD, Cannon’s Jug Stompers: The Complete Works 1927-1930, have lots of interesting quotes so I think I’ll just let it tell most of the story to begin with.  The disc contains 24 of the 26 numbers recorded by the Stompers.
“When I was twelve years old, one of my brothers (Tom, I think) came and got me and took me down to Clarksdale – that’s where he lived, south of Clarksdale by Sunflower River . . . Used to chop cotton there.  Yassuh!  So that’s where I made my first banjo, from a guitar neck and a bread pan mama used to bake biscuits in – had to hold it over fire to tighten up the head before I could play it.  Ha ha haaa!  That thing sounded good to me then, though.”  Gus had to stretch a raccoon skin over the pan to make the resonator.  He didn’t acquire his first real banjo until he was fifteen when it was a part of his brother’s craps winnings.
“Alec Lee was the first guy I heard playing on a Hawaiian guitar . . . used a knife.  Uh, that must’ve been around 1900, maybe a little before.”  After learning the technique, the mostly self-taught Cannon adapted it over to his 5-string banjo playing.  He became proficient on guitar, fiddle and piano and also devised a harness to go around his neck facilitating jug playing to accompany his banjo.
Around 1901, Gus got a railroad job near Greenville, where he put together his first jug band.  “’Bout two years after I started out down there by Sunflower River, I was playing for Saturday night balls –that’s when us colored folks had ourselves a time.  Man, I played the hell out of that banjo for $2.50 a night . . . had another boy with me on fiddle, Lawd, we was raising sand down there . . . sure was!  Plenty liquor . . . dope too.  A gal in Clarksdale gave me a little snort of coke (cocaine).  … It didn’t do much to me, though.  I reckon I just didn’t have enough.  I don’t use no dope. . . . no Sir!  I drink beer and whisky . . . oh, I used to be wild about it!  … Noah, my harp player, used to be full of coke all the time.”  He moved near Ripley, Tennessee, to do plantation work in 1907, and here is where he first met Noah Lewis.
Lewis, born in Tennessee around 1890, was a harmonica player who would become known not only for his talent but also for the unique ability of playing two harps simultaneously.   “Lawd, he used to play the hell out of that harp.  He could play two harps at the same time . . . through his mouth and his nose . . . same key and same melody.  Y’know he could curl his lips ‘round the harp & his nose was just like a fist.  Noah, he was full of cocaine all the time – I reckon that’s why he could play so loud and aw, he was good!”
It was also Noah who introduced Gus to the 13-year-old guitarist Ashley Thompson, who recalled, “Gus was real famous ‘round here . . . oh, he could clown. . . Him and Noah used to run together all the time.  I didn’t care as much about drinking and chasing women as they did . . . just looking for trouble.”
Going by the name Banjo Joe, Cannon hit the medicine show circuit in 1914, which he continued into the 40s.  He was found at one of these shows by Paramount in 1927 and they recorded him solo on six sides as well as on duets with Blind Blake.  One tune with Blake was Poor Boy, Long Way From Home, which Gus had learned from Alec Lee and showed off likely the earliest recording of the slide (or bottleneck) banjo technique.

 “Dr. Streaks . . . that’s the last medicine show I was on . . . Aw, we went all over Alabama and Mississippi: Birmingham, Mobile, Bay St. Louis . . . I been to St. Louis, Missouri too . . . yeh, , I been to all of ‘em.  Well, I left that show down in Gulfport, Mississippi and went back to Memphis, married Olysa and settled down.”  That was 1929 and Gus was 47 years old.  He had wed once before around Christmas 1910 but his minstrel life was not conducive to settling down.
More often than not during the twenties, Memphis became Gus' home base amid his minstrel touring.  It was an untamed town in those times, rife with bootleg liquor, gambling, hookers and drugs, but such party towns also create an atmosphere full of opportunities for musicians. Towards the end of the decade, Gus lived with Hosea Woods, a songster considerably his elder, whom he had met on the medicine show circuit.
The first organized jug bands developed in Louisville, Kentucky, around 1905, and five years on there were several more.  Jug band music was a Bluesy throwback to the minstrel days and in addition to the clay jugs usually consisted of banjo, guitar, fiddle and mandolin along with the occasional rub board, harmonica or kazoo.  They played a combination of Country, Blues, Ragtime, Gospel, Jazz, novelty numbers…  Even the sophisticated horn bands in Louisville added the jug to their arsenal, but the rage didn’t spread further until the early twenties recorded releases of some of the area’s bands, most notably Earl McDonald’s Dixieland Jug Blowers.  Will Shade, a guitarist who also played harmonica and washtub bass, took up the trend and put together the Memphis Jug Band along with Furry Lewis, although in a much Bluesier style than McDonald.  The lineup was a fluid setup with so many members that it was not unusual for two separate ensembles at different locations playing at the same time.  In addition to playing anywhere from Handy’s Park to the back of a moving pickup truck advertising whatever, Shade’s group entertained at the highest social events, including regularly for Mayor Crump, which had its benefits. 
Dewey Corley, a band member, recalled a court date, “We’d have whisky in one of our coal-oil cans . . . y’know, a jug . . . and we’d put some coal-oil around the top, so no one could smell that hooch.  Once we was playing down on Main & Beale, a policeman walks up to us, says, ‘Whatcha got in that jug, boys?’  We say “coal-oil” – he say, “You sure don’t look like you been drinking no coal-oil,’ and he carried us all to jail.  When we was called to court we brought our instruments with us.  Judge say, ‘You the jug band?’  We say, ‘Yassuh!’  ‘Well, I heard about you.  Play a song and go home and don’t come back.’”
The Memphis Jug Band had recording success and it was not lost on Gus who, way back in the mid-1900s, had played in a similar format.  “. . . we had ourselves a three-piece outfit: banjo / jug / fiddle. Jim Guffan had a coal-oil can, sounded like a bass fiddle.”  So in January 1928, Victor returned to Memphis hoping to find another jug band and were led to Cannon, whether through his earlier sessions as Banjo Joe or perhaps on a referral from Shade, but they wanted him to get ready quickly.  The medicine show season was over so Gus was pleased with the opportunity.  Ever since leaving the Ashville / Ripley area fifteen years prior, Cannon had often returned to play with Noah Lewis and Ashley Thompson while visiting friends and it was this pair he contacted for the session.  “We rehearsed that night and the next day we recorded at the auditorium.”  Gus and Ashley each took two of the four vocals.  The records sold well enough to bring about a second session on September 5th, this time with Elijah Avery on banjo and guitar in place of Thompson.   
It was barely two weeks later, September 20th, that the trio was once again recording, this time with kazoo player Hosea Woods added to the mix.  Cannon and Woods also did a duet session as the Beale Street Boys for Brunswick, then were back again for Victor on October 1st, 1929 along with Lewis for the final Jug Stompers’ session
Lewis recorded four sides on his own in 1929-30 and four more in November 1930 as the Noah Lewis Jug Band, which included Sleepy John Estes on guitar and Yank Rachel on mandolin.  It was this jug band's remaking of a tune from the original Stompers’ session, New Minglewood Blues, that most closely influenced the Grateful Dead's version.  The answer to where exactly “Minglewood” was is a bit uncertain. I have read that it was a lumber camp or saw mill near the Mississippi River where musicians gathered on weekends to have a good time, and judging from the lyrics of the song (“If you’re ever in Memphis, better stop by Minglewood”), it was a place in the city or close to it.  Both this and the Stompers’ Viola Lee Blues appeared on the Grateful Dead’s 1966 debut album.  I liked that album and Jerry Garcia said he wished they had never made it, so you should be able to safely deduce my opinion of the Dead from that.
Gus put in some sessions for Folkways in 1956 and made appearances in the 60s with Furry Lewis and Bukka White, but was forced to pawn his banjo to pay for the winter’s heating bill just before the Rooftop Singers made a hit version of Walk Right In in 1963.  That led to an album for Stax Records with Will Shade, his former jug band rival.  Cannon played banjo, Shade played jug and Milton Roby was on the washboard.  Gus performed into the 70s and died in 1979 at the age of 96.
If you can find a copy of King Vidor’s 1929 movie production Hallelujah!, you might spot Gus in the late night wedding scene.
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After listening to the first two artists for today, it was clear to me what was missing in the presentation.  Also, after last show I was speaking to a fellow DJ who mentioned she enjoyed the guitar-centric bent my shows so often take, and there is no compliment as relevant as one from a peer.  So, no doubt about it: what this show needed was a jolt of Chicago Blues guitar a bit more recent than today’s other artists.  I didn’t want to go to an old favorite because I’ve played a lot of them recently, just your typical Blues guitar player like you might be able to find every night in the clubs since the mid-60s.
Early on in my time at KKUP we had one or both of these discs in the library.  At that time I was transitioning from vinyl to CDs and actually thought I could buy anything that fit my fancy, and these definitely did that.  Anyway, I hadn’t pulled them out for a listen in decades so who better to represent your normal Bluesman?
Babbling on a little more before I get to the meat of this essay, I was interviewing the great Bay Area sax player Terry Hanck years back and, in the midst of our discussion, he looked at me almost dumbfounded when I didn’t seem aware of who “Sax” Gordon (last name Beadle) was, so ever since I have taken note when I come across his name.  His presence makes both these sessions extremely better.  There.  A couple of things I just wanted to say before I sat down to seriously write.
First of all, there are two Luther Johnsons from the same era (actually, even a third) and, more confusing, both spent some time in the Muddy Waters band.  I profiled Luther “Snake” Johnson a while back, but today you are presented Luther “Guitar Jr.” Johnson.  Born in 1939, Luther’s family moved to Chicago in 1955 from Itta Bena, Mississippi, where at one point he led the church choir.  His earliest influences were Gospel and Blues, but once he got to the windy city it was all Blues.
Luther’s first gig was with drummer Ray Scott’s band, then joined Tall Milton Shelton’s group before taking over the combo in 1962 when the leader retired to take up preaching.  Luther was clearly a disciple of Magic Sam’s West Side guitar style and he played in Sam’s band a couple of years in the mid-60s.  He also applied the name Magic Rockers to his band in Boston, which we hear from today.  “I really dug the way Sam played.  He liked the way I played too.  I had to play Sam Cooke’s song, Somebody Have Mercy, every night for him two or three times.” 
Other West Siders Luther played with included Otis Rush, Bobby Rush, Willy Kent and Jimmy Dawkins before he cut his first 45 for Big Beat in 1972.  His time with Muddy spanned from 1972 to 1980, including utilizing the Waters band as backing for his 1977 album Luther’s Blues, recorded for the French Evidence label during a European tour.  When Alligator Records put together a four album set of Living Chicago Blues in 1980, Johnson was one of the eighteen artists chosen to represent the city’s music.
By 1980, Luther had moved to the east coast and put together his Magic Rockers as well as recording on three albums with the Nighthawks.  His band was backed up by the Roomful of Blues horn section for his 1984 release on Rooster Records, Doin’ the Sugar Too.  He can also be seen backing John Lee Hooker in the original Blues Brothers movie.  His version of Walkin’ the Dog from the 1982 Montreux Festival was included in the Grammy Award (Best Traditional Blues) winning album Blues Explosion.
All of which pretty much brings us up to today’s show.  In 1990, Luther signed on with Bullseye Blues and released I Want to Groove with You, followed up two years later by It’s Good to Me.  It was such an unsuspected treat to hear these albums again and, considering that this was intended to fill a void in the show, I cannot imagine why I let them lay fallow for so long.  I am going to look into getting his further releases, the 1996 Bullseye third album Country Sugar Papa and his first for Telarc, 1996’s Slammin’ on the West Side.  My All Music Guide rates all four of these as four star releases, so if the other two live up to these standards …
My Guide is an old version so it didn’t list his next two Telarc releases, Got to Find a Way from 1998 and 2001’s Talkin’ about Soul, but I can’t imagine his talent depleting.  Luther is still alive and now residing in Florida, although I don’t know how active at age 78 or so.
One last quick note: besides Johnson’s guitar work and Beadle’s growling sax, Joe Krown plays piano and organ on both albums; the rhythm section on the first has the drumming shared by Glenn Rogers and Spider Webb while Buster Paterson supplies the bass, and for our closing set Tuffy Kimble is behind the drum kit and Buster Wylie furnishes the bottom.  Richard Rosenblatt adds harmonica to one number, I’m Leaving You.  The Magic Rockers.                 enjoy
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Milton’s Boogie
R.M. Blues
Rhythm Cocktail
Groovy Blues
Camille’s Boogie
What’s the Use
Little Boy Blue
Pack Your Sack, Jack
Big Fat Mama
Train Blues
Old Man River
Roy Rides (aka Nip Time)
   Roy Milton and his Solid Senders   32mins
Minglewood Blues
Madison Street Rag
Big Railroad Blues
Feather Bed
Noah’s Blues
Hollywood Rag
Heartbroken Blues
Cairo Rag
Bugle Call Rag
Viola Lee Blues
   Cannon’s Jug Stompers   31mins
Red Beans
Can’t Get Along with You
I’m from Mississippi
Luther’s Boogie
Graveyard Dogs
I’m Leavin’ Chicago
Who’s That Come Walkin’
   Luther “Guitar Jr.” Johnson   28mins
That’s the One for Me
I Have News for You
T-Town Twist
Money Blues
Schubert’s Serenade Boogie
You Lied to Me Baby
Old Baldy Boogie
Night and Day (I Miss You So)
Song of India Boogie
   Roy Milton and his Solid Senders   28mins
Walk Right In
Bring It with You When You Come
Prison Wall Blues
Wolf River Blues
Mule Get Up in the Alley
My Money Never Runs Out
   Cannon’s Jug Stompers   19mins
Come Back to Me
That’s All I Need
Deep Down in Florida
I’m Leaving You
If You Love Me Like You Say
I Wonder
It’s Good to Me
Next Door Neighbor
   Luther “Guitar Jr.” Johnson   27mins